The advantages of flat engines are a short length, low centre of mass and suitability for air cooling. Compared with the more common straight engines, flat engines have better primary balance (resulting in less vibration); however the disadvantages are increased width and the need to have two cylinder heads.
What are the disadvantages of a flat engine?
Flat engines are not the perfect engines. They also have some disadvantages. They are complex to design, and maintaining them is harder compared to conventional V’s. While choosing between a simple flat engine and the boxer engine, there are two main points to consider: cost and vibration/balance.
What are the pros and cons of inline engines?
What are the pros and cons of inline, V, boxer (flat), and rotary engines? Simplicity – there is only one bank of cylinders and one head. Block castings are simple and easy to make. Also, OHC engines only need one (SOHC) or two (DOHC) cams. And there is also only one head gasket to worry about. Intake and exhaus systems are considerably simpler.
Is a flat engine hard to package?
A flat engine can be hard to package, it is not compact. It will be low to the ground for a low CG, The BMW air head boxer twin motorcycles had good cooling with each cylinder out in the breeze. Flat 4 and greater cylinder engines can be very smooth running.
What are the pros and cons of a V engine?
Pros: The V configuration shortens the length of the crankshaft and can save space, has a low profile (for a car with a low hood), and produces more torque at lower RPM than other models. Cons: V engines can be more expensive because they have more parts than inline engines. They are also taller than a flat engine.
Are bigger engines less efficient?
How does engine size affect fuel economy? With a larger engine able to burn more fuel with each revolution it turns in a minute (rpm), it’ll usually consume more fuel than a smaller engine would during the same journey. This is a very important consideration when it comes to choosing a new car.
Why is a big engine less efficient at low power?
The answer is that a big engine is less efficient at low power than a small one, because it has to lug around a lot of extra stuff (bigger cylinders, more cylinders, bigger and more bearings and so on), all of which involve frictional and other losses, which the smaller engine does not have.
What is the difference between a smaller engine and a bigger engine?
As a larger engine is generally able to burn more fuel and produce more power, a car with a larger, more powerful engine is likely to be able to accelerate faster and tow heavier loads than a car with a smaller engine can manage.
Why are diesel engines more fuel efficient than petrol engines?
Since diesel engines use much higher compression ratios (the heat of compression is used to ignite the slow-burning diesel fuel ), that higher ratio more to air pumping losses within the engine. Modern turbo-diesel engines use electronically controlled common-rail fuel injection to increase efficiency.
Is a large engine in isolation as efficient as a small engine?
In the realm of physics, there is no reason that a large engine in isolation couldn’t be as efficient (in a power delivered per fuel consumed sense) as a smaller engine.
Are smaller engines less reliable?
According to a J.D. Power survey, downsize engines scored significantly lower in reliability than older engines.
Are small engines reliable?
Small engines can be made reliable through other factors and adjustments. Big engines aren’t naturally more reliable just because they’re big, and conversely, small engines aren’t naturally unreliable because they’re small. The next part of reliability to discuss is diesel versus gasoline.
Will small-displacement turbocharged engines have a long-term reliability?
Small-displacement turbocharged engines made their biggest splash yet in January when the Honda Accord won the 2018 North American Car of the Year award, but experts are still split on the effect the technology will have on very long-term reliability.
Are turbochargers affecting our car’s reliability?
In fact, it isn’t uncommon to see many cars on the road with smaller engines supported by turbochargers. With this setup of having turbocharger-boosted engines that are smaller, automakers can provide buyers with responsible fuel economy without sacrificing an enjoyable driving experience. But, are turbochargers decreasing our car’s reliability?
What engine is best for gas?
Generally, a four-cylinder engine offers better fuel economy than a six-cylinder. Its better fuel economy is mostly due to having less horsepower but also by being smaller and reducing the weight of your car.
What type of fuel does a gas engine use?
Most modern gas engines are essentially dual-fuel engines. The main source of energy is the gas-air mixture but it is ignited by the injection of a small volume of Diesel fuel. Energy balance[edit]
How much power does a high-speed gas engine produce?
Output ranges from about 10 kW (13 hp) micro combined heat and power(CHP) to 18 MW (24,000 hp). Generally speaking, the modern high-speed gas engine is very competitive with gas turbines up to about 50 MW (67,000 hp) depending on circumstances, and the best ones are much more fuel efficient than the gas turbines.
What octane gas should I buy?
Typically, gas stations sell gasoline with three octane levels. Regular unleaded gas is the lowest octane fuel at typically an 87 level and is suitable for most cars. Mid-grade is the middle-range fuel at usually an 89 octane level. Premium is the highest-octane fuel you can buy and has levels of 91-94.
How do I choose the right fuel for my car?
Generally, do what the manufacturer outlines in the owner’s manual, pay attention when filling up at the gas pump, and choose the right fuel for your car. Higher octane fuel may be necessary for engines using a greater compression ratio or turbocharging to force more air into the cylinders.
Why are engines so inefficient?
In gasoline-powered vehicles, most of the fuel’s energy is lost in the engine, primarily as heat. Smaller amounts of energy are lost through engine friction, pumping air into and out of the engine, and combustion inefficiency.
Why are combustion engines inefficient?
While even a short explanation of why combustion engines necessarily require a somewhat lengthy explanation of thermodynamics, a Twitter feed length explanation is easy to understand: the difference in temperature between fuel combustion, the engine, and the air outside the engine determines thermal efficiency — i.e. combustion engine inefficiency.
What is the thermal efficiency rate of a combustion engine?
The thermal efficiency rate is the amount of energy that goes into powering the crankshaft of a combustion engine — at least those with pistons. There are two laws of thermodynamics that determine the thermal efficiency of a combustion engine.
What is the effect of temperature on engine efficiency?
The proportion is marginally less at lower temperature (due to the fixed temperature increase provided by combustion) so the engine will theoretically run slightly more efficiently at lower temperature. For identical efficiency, we would need the fuel to increase the temperature by 2000K in the 300K ambient case and 1800K in the 270K ambient case.
Would an internal combustion engine be less efficient at lower temperatures?
The change in volume is the same, but the initial pressure is lower (since the gas started out cooler). This means that the work done per stroke will be less. I think this is actually the most important aspect in this case. I conclude that an ordinary internal combustion engine would be less efficient at lower temperatures.
Why are flat engines better?
A flat engine’s unique spread-out design allows it to gain a much lower center of gravity in the car unlike other engine configurations. This translates to better handling of the vehicle and makes for a safer and more stable driving experience.
Why aren t flat engines more popular?
Despite the engine’s many advantages, the boxer layout is largely unsuitable for consumer vehicles due to issues of cost, maintenance, and production time. Exotics rarely use it because of space constraints, meaning that overwhelmingly the only manufacturers that use the engine are the ones who have used it for years.
Who uses flat engines?
Multijet is Fiat Chrysler Automobiles’ term for its current common rail direct injection turbodiesel engine range. Most of the Fiat, Alfa Romeo, Lancia range as well as certain Chrysler, RAM Trucks, Jeep and Maserati vehicles are equipped with Multijet engines.
Do weaker engines last longer?
Depends on how it’s driven, but in all a smaller engine would not last as long as a bigger one because the smaller engine would be flogget to get up to speed, you are going to have more full power moments because of the smaller output and lower torque, but a bigger engine needs less input to get up to speed.
How long do engines last?
As you are really curious about how long do engines last, we would say there is no absolute rule when it comes to how long engines will last. But the average lifespan is around 8-9 years or 150.000 – 170.000 miles. The new model of cars with the innovation has leveraged the longevity of the engine to 10 years or 200.000 miles in equivalent.
Can a turbocharger decrease the lifespan of a car?
These vehicles began experiencing engine failure once they reached 70,000 miles. Many of these problems were caused by bearing failure, overheating, lack of lubricant, and other issues. With that being said, it is true that a turbocharger can decrease the lifespan of the engine to some degree. More about this matter will be provided below.
What factors affect the lifespan of a car engine?
The first factor that affects your car engine lifespan is what it is made from. Car engines are made of several different metals, but some of the most common are iron and aluminum. In fact, some engines are made of the combination of 2 or more metals. Many trucks have engines with iron blocks and aluminum heads.
Do diesel motors last longer than gasoline engines?
One thing to note for any motor type is that regular maintenance can extend your motor’s lifespan. Diesel engines often last longer than gasoline engines. This is because when engines operate at a slower speed, there is less wear. Faster engines can revolve as much as 3 times more than slower engines do.
Which is better flat or boxer engine?
Higher performance: Flat engines are known due to their configuration to have a better power transmission from the engine and having a better fuel economy.
Is there a flat 8 engine?
A flat-eight engine, also called a horizontally-opposed eight, is an eight-cylinder piston engine with two banks of four inline cylinders, one on each side of a central crankshaft, 180° apart.
What is a flat 8 cylinder engine?
A flat-eight engine, also called a horizontally-opposed eight, is an eight-cylinder piston enginewith two banks of four inline cylinders, one on each side of a central crankshaft, 180° apart. In a flat-eight engine, the connecting rods for corresponding pistons from the left and right banks may share a crankshaft journal.
Why are there not many flat 8 / boxer engines?
Why are there not many flat 8 / boxer engines used in the modern car industry? – Quora Answer (1 of 6): Arguments about width and length that others have asserted don’t hold water. A boxer 8 would be no wider than a boxer 6, and a boxer 8 would be no longer than a V8.
What is a Ford flathead V8?
The Ford flathead V8 (often called simply the Ford flathead, flathead Ford, or flatty when the context is implicit, such as in hot-rodding) is a V8 engine with a flat cylinder head designed by the Ford Motor Company and built by Ford and various licensees.
What is a flat engine?
Flat engines are horizontally opposed piston engines. This concept was first introduced in 1897 by German engineer Karl Benz. The most common and popular type of the flat engines is known as the boxer engine. There is a big misconception when talking about flat engines and saying it’s the same as boxer engines.
Are flat 6 engines good?
The advantages of the flat-six layout are good engine balance (for reduced vibration), a low center of gravity, short length (compared with an inline-six engine) and being well suited to air-cooling.
What is the most effective type of engine?
According to the hard numbers, however, the old adage holds true; diesel engines offer better efficiency than petrol. In every situation – especially on motorways – diesel offers up to 4 more miles per gallon of fuel over petrol, making them great for those regularly going up and down the country.
Which engine cycle is most efficient?
The most efficient cycle is the Atkinson Cycle, but most gasoline engine makers use the Otto Cycle for higher power and torque. Some engine design, such as Mazda’s Skyactiv-G and some hybrid engines designed by Toyota utilize the Atkinson and Otto cycles together with an electric motor/generator and a traction storage battery.
What is 10 of the world’s best engines?
10 of the World’s best engines is an annual list of the ten ” best ” automobile engines available in the U.S. market, that are selected by Ward’s AutoWorld magazine. The list was started in 1994 for Model Year 1995, and has been drawn every year since then, published at the end of the preceding year.
What type of engine does a car use?
There are two main types of engine used in most cars: petrol and diesel. However, some cars are called hybrids, like the Toyota Prius, where they use a petrol or diesel engine along with an electric motor. A different type of hybrid is a car that runs on LPG (liquid petroleum gas), which is most often combined with a petrol engine.
How efficient is a low speed diesel engine?
Low speed diesel engines like the MAN S80ME-C7 have achieved an overall energy conversion efficiency of 54.4%, which is the highest conversion of fuel into power by any single-cycle internal or external combustion engine. Engines in large diesel trucks, buses, and newer diesel cars can achieve peak efficiencies around 45%.
How to test car battery?
How to test a car battery with a multimeter?
Testing a car battery with a multimeter is a simple process. The first thing to do is make sure you can access the two terminals on the top of the car battery.
How can you tell if your car battery is fully charged?
For this test you need a car battery tester. Test your battery with a CCA rating of one and a half and observe if the battery holds 9.6 volts for 15 seconds. When performing the test, make sure the battery is fully charged. 5.
How do you test a starter battery?
In order to test your battery against the load of its starter, you need to make sure it has a strong connection that’s not interfered with by oxidized terminals or a poor connection. If the cables can move at all on the terminal, they’re loose and need to be tightened.
How to load test a battery?
I will show you how to use a load tester to load test your batteries. So let’s run through this real quick, just like any car, we’re going to start by removing the negative terminal first and then the positive terminal. Connect the tester to the battery. Positive to the positive, negative to the negative. Choose your battery parameters.
What are the advantages of buying new engine?
Replacement Is Cheaper and Avoids Long-Term Car Loans By opting for an engine replacement instead, you can effectively reduce many of the costs associated with getting a new car while still enjoying improved performance in your vehicle. Replacement can also be less expensive than completely repairing a damaged engine.
What are the benefits of engine rebuilding?
However, arguably the best benefit of engine rebuilding is the connectivity and compatibility with the existing ECU and electrical system. The ECU is programmed to communicate with the engine originally installed in the vehicle. In many cases, when a new engine is installed, the ECU has problems connecting and communicating with the new engine.
Should you buy a used car with an engine replacement?
If you’re interested in buying a used car, you may have run across a vehicle listed for sale that’s had an engine replacement. Although this is more common in older used cars, some newer vehicles have also had engine replacements for one reason or another. So should you consider a car with an engine replacement? We have some tips on the subject.
How long does a new engine last?
For example: Let’s say a car received a brand-new engine at 40,000 miles. In that case, the engine will have only traveled 25,000 miles when the odometer reaches 65,000 miles — and that means the car may last a little longer than a car with its original engine, since the newer engine hasn’t seen as much use.
Why should you buy a new car?
A new car hasn’t been in any accidents, hasn’t been mistreated by unknown evildoers, doesn’t smell funny, has seen no wear or tear, and comes with a clean history that includes only being driven off the line, onto a transporter, and around the dealer’s lot. Warranty — Like the rest of it, the new car’s warranty is untouched.
Why is a square engine better?
Properties of an over square or short stroke engine For any given cubic capacity, an over square engine has to move lesser as it has a wider bore. These engines also have lesser inertial stress which allows them to be equipped with faster valve timing.
Does a square engine need a bore?
Not necesarilly because the designers believe ‘square’ engines are best but due to increased breathing potential (2 x small diameter inlet valves per cylinder) they don’t need as large a bore as the single inlet valve VW head to achieve the required cfm value for x amount of horsepower.
What is a square engine?
They do, the square terminology simply refers to your bore and stroke numbers. Engines in which the bore is larger than the stroke are called “oversquare.” If bore and stroke are the same then you have what’s called a “square” engine. Finally, an engine where the bore is smaller than the stroke is called “undersquare.”
Are oversquare engines reliable?
Oversquare engines are also called as short stroke engines since their stroke length is smaller than the bore diameter. Short stroke or oversquare engines are considered highly reliable engines. The most reliable are, of course, square engines. After square engines, oversquare ones are the most reliable ones.
Why do over square engines have higher RPMs?
Due to the increased piston and head surface area, the heat loss increases as the bore/stroke ratio is Over square has lesser piston velocities, so can revv higher. Has torque and hence power at higher rpms in comparison.
